Introduction
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A graph data structure is a collection of nodes that have data and are connected to other nodes.
More precisely, a graph is a data structure (V, E) that consists of
A collection of vertices V
A collection of edges E, represented as ordered pairs of vertices (u,v)\
Adjacency: A vertex is said to be adjacent to another vertex if there is an edge connecting them. Vertices 2 and 3 are not adjacent because there is no edge between them.
Path: A sequence of edges that allows you to go from vertex A to vertex B is called a path. 0-1, 1-2 and 0-2 are paths from vertex 0 to vertex 2.
Directed Graph: A graph in which an edge (u,v) doesn't necessarily mean that there is an edge (v, u) as well. The edges in such a graph are represented by arrows to show the direction of the edge.